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CHILD AND ADOLESCENT
PSYCHOTHERAPY
IN FINLAND
Eeva Huikko beskriver
hur barn- och ungdomspsykoterapi på psykoanalytisk/psykodynamisk grund
startat och utvecklats i Finland. Eeva är barnpsykiater, överläkare och
psykoterapeut vid Tuusula (Tusby) Child Guidance Clinic. Hon är medlem i
den finska föreningen för barn- och ungdomspsykoterapi vars ordförande
hon också varit 2000–2003. Eeva är också EFPP-delegat.
In Finland, there was a
growing interest in psychoanalytic/-psychodynamic child psychotherapy in
the 1940s and 1950s. As it was impossible to become a qualified
psychotherapist in their own country, professionals working with
children travelled abroad in order to obtain training in child
psychotherapy. One of the first pioneers in the field was the child
psychiatrist Gunvor Vuoristo, who studied child psychotherapy at the
Erica Foundation in Stockholm for two years in the 1940s. Later, she
returned to Stockholm to get a diploma in psychoanalysis and during that
time, from 1955 to 1961, she also continued to deepen her knowledge of
child psychotherapy at the Erica Foundation. Another outstanding pioneer
was the psychologist Leena-Maija Jokipaltio, who studied in Switzerland
from 1957 to 1966 and was a qualified child, adolescent and adult
psychoanalyst when she returned to Finland. The first child
psychotherapists gave active supervision to professionals working as
child psychotherapists without formal training. In this way child
psychotherapy was available not only in Helsinki, but also in other
parts of Finland.
The
first effort at arranging a systematic training in child and adolescent
psychotherapy in Finland was a two-year course, which, however, didn´t
lead to a formal qualification as a psychotherapist. A second step in
training was reached in 1976 when a three-year course was set up. The
students were doctors, psychologists, social workers and psychiatric
nurses, and they became qualified as child and adolescent
psychotherapists. For the first time in the Nordic countries, a training
programme for adult psychoanalysts for specializing in child and
adolescent psychoanalysis was established in 1978.
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